Fatigue Performance of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

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Diamonds are forever, Gold is precious but which is rarer? Gold is a heavy metal formed during the collision of neutron stars and is one of the rarest elements on Earth.During the formation of the earth, heavy elements gradually accumulated towards the core under the influence of the earth's gravitational force. This means that the closer you get to the Earth's crust, the harder it is to find large quantities of gold.The average concentration of gold in Earth's crust is "very, very low" at just 4 parts per billion. Gold concentrations need to be 1,250 times that level to form a market-worthy deposit.
Diamond is a common element - the product formed by carbon under extremely high pressure, and it is a dense carbon element. Carbon also has a looser element called graphite, which is what makes pencil lead. Compared to gold, the average concentration of carbon in the Earth's crust is about 200,000 parts per billion.
In terms of elements, gold is far rarer than diamonds. Due to the predictable and volatile nature of gold, the 316L Stainless Steel is undoubtedly a good investment opportunity.

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metal parts

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metal parts can be achieved using a variety of different process technologies, which use powder, wire or sheet as raw materials. The additive manufacturing process using metal powder as raw material is Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Binder Jet Printing (BJP). These are called powder bed processes. SLM and EBM technologies use laser beams and electron beams to melt powder, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of different alloy parts manufactured using these two technologies are the most widely reported in the research. On the contrary, there is relatively little exploration of the BJP process. The structure-performance correlation of metal parts produced by this process has not yet received widespread attention.

The main advantage of the BJP process is that it can (compared to other powder bed processes) produce parts at a relatively low cost and at a faster speed. The important thing is that it is applicable to any kind of alloy, and additive manufacturing using SLM/EBM technology can only be performed on a few alloys. The porosity level in BJP alloys is often very high, which may have a profound impact on its performance. A researcher studied the microstructure, porosity and its effect on tensile and high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel with different manufacturing processes.

In general, BJP and CM 316L stainless steels have strong work hardening ability, which gives them great ductility. SLM alloy has a high yield strength, but dislocations cross slip at the beginning of plastic deformation, which shortens the work hardening process and affects ductility. The results of this research can guide the design of additive manufacturing alloys: the higher porosity of BJP does not adversely affect the high-cycle fatigue performance, but it reduces the yield strength. Therefore, reducing the porosity can basically increase the yield strength of BJP parts, making it the same as that of CM alloy. For SLM specimens, it is obvious that insufficient fusion pores should be reduced to a minimum (if not completely eliminated) to reduce overall porosity and increase fatigue strength.

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China's non-manufacturing purchasing managers index for March was released by the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing and the Service Industry Survey Center of the National Bureau of Statistics today. An index of business activity for the non-manufacturing sector as a whole fell below 50 percent in March.

In March, China's non-manufacturing business activity index was 48.4%, down 3.2 percentage points from the previous month. The new orders index was 45.7 percent, down 1.9 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a significant slowdown in the growth of supply and demand in the non-manufacturing sector from the previous month.  In terms of sectors, the business activity index and new order index of transportation, accommodation and catering, culture, sports and entertainment, and tourism-related industries all declined significantly from the previous month.

Then the 316L Stainless Steel of the market may be affected by significant changes, the price will also be volatile, if you want to know the latest news of the 316L Stainless Steel, welcome to contact us.

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